How does wind farm performance decline with age?
Science Direct|Iain Staffell and Richard Green|May 17, 2013
This report examines the rate of performance decline in wind turbines operating in the United Kingdom over the period from 2002-2012. The authors discuss the cost impacts as the turbines age. The abstract from the paper is provided below. The full paper can be downloaded from the document links on this page.
This report examines the rate of performance decline in wind turbines operating in the United Kingdom over the period from 2002-2012. The authors discuss the cost impacts as the turbines age. The abstract from the paper is provided below. The full paper can be downloaded from the document links on this page.
ABSTRACT
Ageing is a fact of life. Just as with conventional forms of power generation, the energy produced by a wind farm gradually decreases over its lifetime, perhaps due to falling availability, aerodynamic performance or conversion efficiency. Understanding these factors is however complicated by the highly variable availability of the wind.
This paper reveals the rate of ageing of a national fleet of wind turbines using free public data for the actual and theoretical ideal load factors from the UK’s 282 wind farms. Actual load factors are recorded monthly for the period of 2002 - 2012, covering 1686 farm-years of operation. Ideal load factors are derived from a high resolution wind resource assessment made using NASA data to …
... more [truncated due to possible copyright]ABSTRACT
Ageing is a fact of life. Just as with conventional forms of power generation, the energy produced by a wind farm gradually decreases over its lifetime, perhaps due to falling availability, aerodynamic performance or conversion efficiency. Understanding these factors is however complicated by the highly variable availability of the wind.
This paper reveals the rate of ageing of a national fleet of wind turbines using free public data for the actual and theoretical ideal load factors from the UK’s 282 wind farms. Actual load factors are recorded monthly for the period of 2002 - 2012, covering 1686 farm-years of operation. Ideal load factors are derived from a high resolution wind resource assessment made using NASA data to estimate the hourly wind speed at the location and hub height of each wind farm, accounting for the particular models of turbine installed.
By accounting for individual site conditions we confirm that load factors do decline with age, at a similar rate to other rotating machinery. Wind turbines are found to lose 1.6 +/- 0.2% of their output per year, with average load factors declining from 28.5% when new to 21% at age 19. This trend is consistent for different generations of turbine design and individual wind farms. This level of degradation reduces a wind farm’s output by 12% over a twenty year lifetime, increasing the levelised cost of electricity by 9%.
