	<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en-US">
        <title>www.windaction.org</title>
        <subtitle>facts, analysis, exposure of wind energy's real impacts</subtitle>
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.windaction.org/" title="www.windaction.org" /> 
        <link href="http://www.windaction.org/articles/c104+35?theme=atom" rel="self"/>
		<author>
			<name>Windaction</name> 
		</author>
		<id>http://www.windaction.org/articles/c104+35?theme=atom</id>
        <generator uri="http://www.xaraya.com" version="1.00">Xarayar</generator>
		<updated>2006-06-12T02:16:27Z</updated>
		            <entry>
	<title>Power line projects see opposition</title>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.windaction.org/articles/18666" title="Power line projects see opposition"/> 
	<id>.18666</id> 
	<updated>2008-11-05T17:54:47Z</updated> 
	<published>2008-11-05T17:54:47Z</published> 
	<summary type="text">Opposition continues to grow against a high-powered transmission line proposed to run through parts of Gillespie and Kerr counties. 

A steering committee in Harper and other concerned citizens opposing the private transmission lines have met several times in the past few months and are encouraging landowners to resist leasing utility easements. ...Hilliard Energy is attempting to acquire a series of contiguous 180-foot utility easements for Florida Power and Light Energy to build a private 345 kilovolt line from Taylor County to Comfort. 
</summary>
	<content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.windaction.org/articles/18666">
		<![CDATA[ Opposition continues to grow against a high-powered transmission line proposed to run through parts of Gillespie and Kerr counties. 

A steering committee in Harper and other concerned citizens opposing the private transmission lines have met several times in the past few months and are encouraging landowners to resist leasing utility easements. ...Hilliard Energy is attempting to acquire a series of contiguous 180-foot utility easements for Florida Power and Light Energy to build a private 345 kilovolt line from Taylor County to Comfort. 
 ]]>
	</content>
</entry>            <entry>
	<title>DMI wind tower sections begin trip</title>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.windaction.org/articles/16030" title="DMI wind tower sections begin trip"/> 
	<id>.16030</id> 
	<updated>2008-05-25T16:47:55Z</updated> 
	<published>2008-05-25T16:47:55Z</published> 
	<summary type="text">Six wind tower sections left DMI Industries, located at the Tulsa Port of Catoosa, on Tuesday en route to a wind farm site in northern Texas. ...Less than a year ago, DMI Industries, an Otter Tail company, bought a plant built for Griffin Wheel -- a railcar manufacturer that never moved in -- to extend its geographic reach and meet the growing demand for wind towers in the southwestern states.</summary>
	<content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.windaction.org/articles/16030">
		<![CDATA[ Six wind tower sections left DMI Industries, located at the Tulsa Port of Catoosa, on Tuesday en route to a wind farm site in northern Texas. ...Less than a year ago, DMI Industries, an Otter Tail company, bought a plant built for Griffin Wheel -- a railcar manufacturer that never moved in -- to extend its geographic reach and meet the growing demand for wind towers in the southwestern states. ]]>
	</content>
</entry>            <entry>
	<title>Scheduling Wind Power: Better wind forecasts could prevent blackouts and reduce pollution</title>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.windaction.org/articles/15913" title="Scheduling Wind Power: Better wind forecasts could prevent blackouts and reduce pollution"/> 
	<id>.15913</id> 
	<updated>2008-04-17T06:38:23Z</updated> 
	<published>2008-04-17T06:38:23Z</published> 
	<summary type="text">As wind power becomes more common, its unpredictability becomes more of a problem. Sudden drops in wind speed can send grid operators scrambling to cover the shortfall and even cause blackouts; unexpected surges can leave conventional power plants idling, incurring costs and spewing pollution to no purpose. ...When wind farms were less common, grid controllers could essentially ignore their varying output, as it was all but indistinguishable from natural fluctuations in consumer use.</summary>
	<content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.windaction.org/articles/15913">
		<![CDATA[ As wind power becomes more common, its unpredictability becomes more of a problem. Sudden drops in wind speed can send grid operators scrambling to cover the shortfall and even cause blackouts; unexpected surges can leave conventional power plants idling, incurring costs and spewing pollution to no purpose. ...When wind farms were less common, grid controllers could essentially ignore their varying output, as it was all but indistinguishable from natural fluctuations in consumer use. ]]>
	</content>
</entry>            <entry>
	<title>Scurry can boast of tallest wind turbines in U.S.</title>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.windaction.org/articles/13556" title="Scurry can boast of tallest wind turbines in U.S."/> 
	<id>.13556</id> 
	<updated>2008-01-11T23:51:29Z</updated> 
	<published>2008-01-11T23:51:29Z</published> 
	<summary type="text">The Big Country is home to the world's largest wind farm. Now it can boast tallest wind turbines in the United States.

Enel North America Inc. announced Thursday the completion of the Snyder Wind project with the tallest utility-scale wind turbines in the United States.

The Snyder Wind project in Scurry County, about 80 miles northwest of Abilene, has 21 3.0 megawatt wind turbines mounted on towers measuring 345 feet. Other wind farms in the area have towers that are about 200 feet tall.
</summary>
	<content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.windaction.org/articles/13556">
		<![CDATA[ The Big Country is home to the world's largest wind farm. Now it can boast tallest wind turbines in the United States.

Enel North America Inc. announced Thursday the completion of the Snyder Wind project with the tallest utility-scale wind turbines in the United States.

The Snyder Wind project in Scurry County, about 80 miles northwest of Abilene, has 21 3.0 megawatt wind turbines mounted on towers measuring 345 feet. Other wind farms in the area have towers that are about 200 feet tall.
 ]]>
	</content>
</entry>            <entry>
	<title>Okla. utility proposes power line to unlock wind</title>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.windaction.org/articles/12442" title="Okla. utility proposes power line to unlock wind"/> 
	<id>.12442</id> 
	<updated>2007-10-30T23:04:43Z</updated> 
	<published>2007-10-30T23:04:43Z</published> 
	<summary type="text">OGE Energy Corp is prepared to build a new high-voltage transmission line to accelerate development of wind generation in Oklahoma, the utility company chief executive said on Tuesday.

Oklahoma City-based OG&amp;amp;E Electric Services said new transmission is needed to unlock the potential for power to flow from future wind farms in the western part of the state to populated cities in the east.

Chief Executive Officer Pete Delaney said OG&amp;amp;E, Oklahoma's largest electric utility, plans to significantly increase its wind production from 170 megawatts to 770 MW over the next five years to meet increased customer demand for renewable power.</summary>
	<content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.windaction.org/articles/12442">
		<![CDATA[ OGE Energy Corp is prepared to build a new high-voltage transmission line to accelerate development of wind generation in Oklahoma, the utility company chief executive said on Tuesday.

Oklahoma City-based OG&amp;amp;E Electric Services said new transmission is needed to unlock the potential for power to flow from future wind farms in the western part of the state to populated cities in the east.

Chief Executive Officer Pete Delaney said OG&amp;amp;E, Oklahoma's largest electric utility, plans to significantly increase its wind production from 170 megawatts to 770 MW over the next five years to meet increased customer demand for renewable power. ]]>
	</content>
</entry>            <entry>
	<title>Ironing Out Bumps In Wind Turbine Output</title>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.windaction.org/articles/12272" title="Ironing Out Bumps In Wind Turbine Output"/> 
	<id>.12272</id> 
	<updated>2007-10-19T19:22:19Z</updated> 
	<published>2007-10-19T19:22:19Z</published> 
	<summary type="text">&amp;quot;Unfortunately, electric power generated from wind energy is intermittent and variable. That means we need to have better measurements of wind power plants' output as we integrate wind energy into existing power systems. We also need to develop a way of managing wind power so it can be more readily called upon when needed.&amp;quot;
</summary>
	<content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.windaction.org/articles/12272">
		<![CDATA[ &amp;quot;Unfortunately, electric power generated from wind energy is intermittent and variable. That means we need to have better measurements of wind power plants' output as we integrate wind energy into existing power systems. We also need to develop a way of managing wind power so it can be more readily called upon when needed.&amp;quot;
 ]]>
	</content>
</entry>            <entry>
	<title>Texas coastal wind farms advance despite critics</title>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.windaction.org/articles/12241" title="Texas coastal wind farms advance despite critics"/> 
	<id>.12241</id> 
	<updated>2007-10-19T00:08:09Z</updated> 
	<published>2007-10-19T00:08:09Z</published> 
	<summary type="text">Two companies developing more than 600 megawatts of wind generation along the Texas coastline aren't daunted by threats of hurricane damage or opposition from environmentalists and powerful ranching interests, executives said Thursday. ...The Texas Public Utility Commission on Wednesday blocked a coalition of environmental groups, backed by the powerful King Ranch interests of South Texas, from intervening in a case related to the siting of a transmission line to move power from the two coastal wind farms to the Texas grid.</summary>
	<content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.windaction.org/articles/12241">
		<![CDATA[ Two companies developing more than 600 megawatts of wind generation along the Texas coastline aren't daunted by threats of hurricane damage or opposition from environmentalists and powerful ranching interests, executives said Thursday. ...The Texas Public Utility Commission on Wednesday blocked a coalition of environmental groups, backed by the powerful King Ranch interests of South Texas, from intervening in a case related to the siting of a transmission line to move power from the two coastal wind farms to the Texas grid. ]]>
	</content>
</entry>            <entry>
	<title>Catching The Wind In A Bottle</title>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.windaction.org/articles/12031" title="Catching The Wind In A Bottle"/> 
	<id>.12031</id> 
	<updated>2007-10-03T16:04:41Z</updated> 
	<published>2007-10-03T16:04:41Z</published> 
	<summary type="text">... a coalition of local utilities is grappling with one of the thorniest challenges in the field of renewable power: how to store the excess energy windmills create when demand is low so it can be used later, when the need is greater. 

The group is building a system that will steer surplus electricity generated by a nearby wind farm to a big air compressor. Connected to a deep well, the compressor pumps air into layers of sandstone. Some 3,000 feet down and sealed from above by dense shale, the porous sandstone acts like a giant balloon. Later, when demand for power rises, this flow is reversed. 
</summary>
	<content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.windaction.org/articles/12031">
		<![CDATA[ ... a coalition of local utilities is grappling with one of the thorniest challenges in the field of renewable power: how to store the excess energy windmills create when demand is low so it can be used later, when the need is greater. 

The group is building a system that will steer surplus electricity generated by a nearby wind farm to a big air compressor. Connected to a deep well, the compressor pumps air into layers of sandstone. Some 3,000 feet down and sealed from above by dense shale, the porous sandstone acts like a giant balloon. Later, when demand for power rises, this flow is reversed. 
 ]]>
	</content>
</entry>            <entry>
	<title>Energy suppliers gearing up for nuclear expansion</title>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.windaction.org/articles/12020" title="Energy suppliers gearing up for nuclear expansion"/> 
	<id>.12020</id> 
	<updated>2007-10-02T23:57:53Z</updated> 
	<published>2007-10-02T23:57:53Z</published> 
	<summary type="text">NRG Energy Inc., a Princeton N.J.-based wholesale power generating company, applied to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Sept. 24 to build and run two nuclear power plants at the South Texas Project (STP) site in Matagorda County. ...NRG projects that the new units will bring 2,700 megawatts (MW) to the Texas grid, enough to power upwards of 2 million homes.

A single wind turbine, [Luminant spokesman Tom Kleckner] said, can generate one to three MW of energy, compared to a nuclear plant that can generate megawatts in the 1000s.




</summary>
	<content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.windaction.org/articles/12020">
		<![CDATA[ NRG Energy Inc., a Princeton N.J.-based wholesale power generating company, applied to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Sept. 24 to build and run two nuclear power plants at the South Texas Project (STP) site in Matagorda County. ...NRG projects that the new units will bring 2,700 megawatts (MW) to the Texas grid, enough to power upwards of 2 million homes.

A single wind turbine, [Luminant spokesman Tom Kleckner] said, can generate one to three MW of energy, compared to a nuclear plant that can generate megawatts in the 1000s.




 ]]>
	</content>
</entry>            <entry>
	<title>Cost of wind power generating controversy</title>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.windaction.org/articles/11829" title="Cost of wind power generating controversy"/> 
	<id>.11829</id> 
	<updated>2007-09-17T22:10:15Z</updated> 
	<published>2007-09-17T22:10:15Z</published> 
	<summary type="text">Although wind blows for free, the new transmission lines to move that power will be anything but.

Nobody -- including regulators and the operators of the Texas power grid -- knows now how much the transmission lines will cost, yet plans are moving forward aggressively. Everyone agrees that the price will be in the billions. ...ERCOT officials estimate that the wind blows only about 35 percent of the time and typically does not blow during the hottest time of the day, when Texas needs energy the most. That means that even with the expensive transmission lines and more wind generators, the state still needs plenty of other, more polluting generators to feed its energy needs.</summary>
	<content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.windaction.org/articles/11829">
		<![CDATA[ Although wind blows for free, the new transmission lines to move that power will be anything but.

Nobody -- including regulators and the operators of the Texas power grid -- knows now how much the transmission lines will cost, yet plans are moving forward aggressively. Everyone agrees that the price will be in the billions. ...ERCOT officials estimate that the wind blows only about 35 percent of the time and typically does not blow during the hottest time of the day, when Texas needs energy the most. That means that even with the expensive transmission lines and more wind generators, the state still needs plenty of other, more polluting generators to feed its energy needs. ]]>
	</content>
</entry>            <entry>
	<title>Wind farms say TXU kept them offline</title>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.windaction.org/articles/10450" title="Wind farms say TXU kept them offline"/> 
	<id>.10450</id> 
	<updated>2007-06-20T13:05:49Z</updated> 
	<published>2007-06-20T13:05:49Z</published> 
	<summary type="text">TXU, Texas' biggest electricity producer, and the wind farms, units of Florida-based FPL Group, are suing each other over claims each failed to live up to contracts from 2001 to 2005. Dallas-based TXU says the wind farms failed to supply power. The farms say TXU gave preference to its West Texas plant, leaving them without access to power lines. The trial started Tuesday in a Dallas state court and is scheduled to last two weeks.</summary>
	<content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.windaction.org/articles/10450">
		<![CDATA[ TXU, Texas' biggest electricity producer, and the wind farms, units of Florida-based FPL Group, are suing each other over claims each failed to live up to contracts from 2001 to 2005. Dallas-based TXU says the wind farms failed to supply power. The farms say TXU gave preference to its West Texas plant, leaving them without access to power lines. The trial started Tuesday in a Dallas state court and is scheduled to last two weeks. ]]>
	</content>
</entry>            <entry>
	<title>Developer nixes offshore wind farm</title>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.windaction.org/articles/10081" title="Developer nixes offshore wind farm"/> 
	<id>.10081</id> 
	<updated>2007-06-11T10:28:48Z</updated> 
	<published>2007-06-11T10:28:48Z</published> 
	<summary type="text">Plans to build what would have been the nation's largest offshore wind farm in South Texas have been called off because the multibillion-dollar project didn't make economic sense, the developer said Monday...Babcock &amp;amp; Brown Ltd. is moving on with an onshore wind farm in South Texas' Kenedy County, a $700 million-plus venture that calls for 157 turbines on thousands of acres, Calaway said. He noted the expense of building an offshore farm can be more than double the cost of one on land.</summary>
	<content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.windaction.org/articles/10081">
		<![CDATA[ Plans to build what would have been the nation's largest offshore wind farm in South Texas have been called off because the multibillion-dollar project didn't make economic sense, the developer said Monday...Babcock &amp;amp; Brown Ltd. is moving on with an onshore wind farm in South Texas' Kenedy County, a $700 million-plus venture that calls for 157 turbines on thousands of acres, Calaway said. He noted the expense of building an offshore farm can be more than double the cost of one on land. ]]>
	</content>
</entry>            <entry>
	<title>How green is nuclear power?</title>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.windaction.org/articles/8285" title="How green is nuclear power?"/> 
	<id>.8285</id> 
	<updated>2007-03-07T11:20:17Z</updated> 
	<published>2007-03-07T11:20:17Z</published> 
	<summary type="text">Some call it a carbon-free alternative to fossil fuels, but others point to significant environmental costs. 

In Kansas, where winds blow strong, the push for clean energy includes not only new wind turbines but also new nuclear-power plants as part of a &amp;quot;carbon-free&amp;quot; solution to climate change. 

It's an idea that may be catching on. At least 11 new nuclear plants are in the design stage in nine states, including Virginia, Texas, and Florida, according to the Nuclear Energy Institute website. 

But that carbon-free pitch has researchers asking anew: How carbon-free is nuclear power? And how cost-effective is it in the fight to slow global warming? 

&amp;quot;Saying nuclear is carbon-free is not true,&amp;quot; says Uwe Fritsche, a researcher at the &#195;ko Institut in Darmstadt, Germany, who has conducted a life-cycle analysis of the plants. &amp;quot;It's less carbon-intensive than fossil fuel. But if you are honest, scientifically speaking, the truth is: There is no carbon-free energy. There's no free lunch.&amp;quot; 

</summary>
	<content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.windaction.org/articles/8285">
		<![CDATA[ Some call it a carbon-free alternative to fossil fuels, but others point to significant environmental costs. 

In Kansas, where winds blow strong, the push for clean energy includes not only new wind turbines but also new nuclear-power plants as part of a &amp;quot;carbon-free&amp;quot; solution to climate change. 

It's an idea that may be catching on. At least 11 new nuclear plants are in the design stage in nine states, including Virginia, Texas, and Florida, according to the Nuclear Energy Institute website. 

But that carbon-free pitch has researchers asking anew: How carbon-free is nuclear power? And how cost-effective is it in the fight to slow global warming? 

&amp;quot;Saying nuclear is carbon-free is not true,&amp;quot; says Uwe Fritsche, a researcher at the &#195;ko Institut in Darmstadt, Germany, who has conducted a life-cycle analysis of the plants. &amp;quot;It's less carbon-intensive than fossil fuel. But if you are honest, scientifically speaking, the truth is: There is no carbon-free energy. There's no free lunch.&amp;quot; 

 ]]>
	</content>
</entry>            <entry>
	<title>Texas on the list for wind research center</title>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.windaction.org/articles/6382" title="Texas on the list for wind research center"/> 
	<id>.6382</id> 
	<updated>2006-11-16T22:34:09Z</updated> 
	<published>2006-11-16T22:34:09Z</published> 
	<summary type="text">Texas is in a nationwide race for a giant new U.S. Department of Energy-backed wind turbine research and development center. </summary>
	<content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.windaction.org/articles/6382">
		<![CDATA[ Texas is in a nationwide race for a giant new U.S. Department of Energy-backed wind turbine research and development center.  ]]>
	</content>
</entry>            <entry>
	<title>Ropin' the wind</title>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.windaction.org/articles/6277" title="Ropin' the wind"/> 
	<id>.6277</id> 
	<updated>2006-11-10T22:49:10Z</updated> 
	<published>2006-11-10T22:49:10Z</published> 
	<summary type="text">Greenblatt noted that while wind power could produce impressive amounts of peak energy during strong gusts, the biggest problem was wind power&#226;s intermittency. The problem could be addressed by a process called compressed air energy storage, where excess energy could be used to pump compressed air into underground storage facilities that could include abandoned mines. When the wind was not blowing, he said, the compressed air could be tapped and combined with the burning of natural gas to create high-efficiency electrical generators approximating the efficiency levels of coal-fueled power plants. 

</summary>
	<content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.windaction.org/articles/6277">
		<![CDATA[ Greenblatt noted that while wind power could produce impressive amounts of peak energy during strong gusts, the biggest problem was wind power&#226;s intermittency. The problem could be addressed by a process called compressed air energy storage, where excess energy could be used to pump compressed air into underground storage facilities that could include abandoned mines. When the wind was not blowing, he said, the compressed air could be tapped and combined with the burning of natural gas to create high-efficiency electrical generators approximating the efficiency levels of coal-fueled power plants. 

 ]]>
	</content>
</entry>            <entry>
	<title>Wind turbines create a stir with landowners</title>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.windaction.org/articles/6106" title="Wind turbines create a stir with landowners"/> 
	<id>.6106</id> 
	<updated>2006-11-02T12:39:26Z</updated> 
	<published>2006-11-02T12:39:26Z</published> 
	<summary type="text">John Richey of Chico is concerned about global warming and thinks that anything people can do to help the cause is worthwhile. With that in mind, Richey attended a meeting about wind turbines in Jacksboro on Monday night. 

The speakers at the meeting &#226; held before a packed house in the Jacksboro High School auditorium &#226; were generally opposed to wind turbines. 

</summary>
	<content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.windaction.org/articles/6106">
		<![CDATA[ John Richey of Chico is concerned about global warming and thinks that anything people can do to help the cause is worthwhile. With that in mind, Richey attended a meeting about wind turbines in Jacksboro on Monday night. 

The speakers at the meeting &#226; held before a packed house in the Jacksboro High School auditorium &#226; were generally opposed to wind turbines. 

 ]]>
	</content>
</entry>            <entry>
	<title>'Small Wind' Gets New Client</title>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.windaction.org/articles/4909" title="'Small Wind' Gets New Client"/> 
	<id>.4909</id> 
	<updated>2006-09-07T11:42:52Z</updated> 
	<published>2006-09-07T11:42:52Z</published> 
	<summary type="text">FAIRVIEW -- Advocates of the &amp;quot;small wind&amp;quot; generating business have landed another customer.</summary>
	<content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.windaction.org/articles/4909">
		<![CDATA[ FAIRVIEW -- Advocates of the &amp;quot;small wind&amp;quot; generating business have landed another customer. ]]>
	</content>
</entry>            <entry>
	<title>Texas to bid for wind research facility</title>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.windaction.org/articles/4655" title="Texas to bid for wind research facility"/> 
	<id>.4655</id> 
	<updated>2006-08-25T13:48:57Z</updated> 
	<published>2006-08-25T13:48:57Z</published> 
	<summary type="text">AUSTIN, Texas - Texas will bid for a proposed Department of Energy wind turbine research and development facility, the state's land commissioner said Thursday.

The facility would be able to test wind turbine blades reaching 230 feet. Applications for the site are due Oct. 2.</summary>
	<content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.windaction.org/articles/4655">
		<![CDATA[ AUSTIN, Texas - Texas will bid for a proposed Department of Energy wind turbine research and development facility, the state's land commissioner said Thursday.

The facility would be able to test wind turbine blades reaching 230 feet. Applications for the site are due Oct. 2. ]]>
	</content>
</entry>            <entry>
	<title>Working Paper: Utility-scale Wind Power: Impacts of Increased Penetration</title>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.windaction.org/articles/5887" title="Working Paper: Utility-scale Wind Power: Impacts of Increased Penetration"/> 
	<id>.5887</id> 
	<updated>2005-06-01T00:00:00Z</updated> 
	<published>2005-06-01T00:00:00Z</published> 
	<summary type="text">This working paper is made available by the Resource and Environmental economics and 
Policy Analysis (REPA) Research Group at the University of Victoria. REPA working 
papers have not been peer reviewed and contain preliminary research findings. They shall 
not be cited without the expressed written consent of the author(s). 

Editor's Note: The authors&#226; conclusion regarding &#226;effective capacity&#226;, i.e. the measure of 
a generator&#226;s contribution to system reliability  that is tied to meeting peak loads,  is that it &#226;is difficult to generalize, as it is a highly site-specific quantity determined by the correlation between wind resource and load&#226; and that &#226;values range from 26 % to 0% of rated capacity.&#226;  This conclusion is based, in part, on a 2003 study by the California Energy Commission that estimated that three wind farm aggregates- Altamont, San Gorgonio and Tehachpi, which collectively represent 75% of California&#226;s deployed wind capacity- had relative capacity credits of 26.0%, 23.9% and 22.0% respectively.  It is noteworthy that during California&#226;s Summer &#226;06 energy crunch, as has been widely publicized in the press, wind power produced at 254.6 MW (10.2% of wind&#226;s rated capacity of 2,500MW) at the time of peak demand (on July 24th) and over the preceding seven days (July 17-23)  produced at 89.4 to 113.0 MW, averaging only 99.1 MW at the time of peak demand or just 4% of rated capacity.
</summary>
	<content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.windaction.org/articles/5887">
		<![CDATA[ This working paper is made available by the Resource and Environmental economics and 
Policy Analysis (REPA) Research Group at the University of Victoria. REPA working 
papers have not been peer reviewed and contain preliminary research findings. They shall 
not be cited without the expressed written consent of the author(s). &lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Editor's Note:&lt;/strong&gt; The authors&#226; conclusion regarding &#226;effective capacity&#226;, i.e. the measure of 
a generator&#226;s contribution to system reliability  that is tied to meeting peak loads,  is that it &#226;is difficult to generalize, as it is a highly site-specific quantity determined by the correlation between wind resource and load&#226; and that &#226;values range from 26 % to 0% of rated capacity.&#226;  This conclusion is based, in part, on a 2003 study by the California Energy Commission that estimated that three wind farm aggregates- Altamont, San Gorgonio and Tehachpi, which collectively represent 75% of California&#226;s deployed wind capacity- had relative capacity credits of 26.0%, 23.9% and 22.0% respectively.  It is noteworthy that during California&#226;s Summer &#226;06 energy crunch, as has been widely publicized in the press, wind power produced at 254.6 MW (10.2% of wind&#226;s rated capacity of 2,500MW) at the time of peak demand (on July 24th) and over the preceding seven days (July 17-23)  produced at 89.4 to 113.0 MW, averaging only 99.1 MW at the time of peak demand or just 4% of rated capacity.
 ]]>
	</content>
</entry>            <entry>
	<title>Transmission Issues Associated with Renewable Energy in Texas</title>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.windaction.org/articles/5707" title="Transmission Issues Associated with Renewable Energy in Texas"/> 
	<id>.5707</id> 
	<updated>2005-03-28T13:36:29Z</updated> 
	<published>2005-03-28T13:36:29Z</published> 
	<summary type="text">
This 'informal white paper' authored by the renewable energy industry and the Electric Reliability Council of Texas addresses the impact of wind's intermittency on the need for the development of comparable capacities of reliable sources that can be called upon when the wind is not blowing. It contains a particularly  interesting chart that characterizes different energy sources as 'base load', 'peak load' and 'intermittent' with their associated benefits and drawbacks. Wind is deemed 'intermittent' with the following benefits (no emissions, no fuel costs, stable cost, low operating cost) and drawbacks (not dispatchable, not responsive, transmission needs, low peak value).</summary>
	<content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://www.windaction.org/articles/5707">
		<![CDATA[ 
This 'informal white paper' authored by the renewable energy industry and the Electric Reliability Council of Texas addresses the impact of wind's intermittency on the need for the development of comparable capacities of reliable sources that can be called upon when the wind is not blowing. It contains a particularly  interesting chart that characterizes different energy sources as 'base load', 'peak load' and 'intermittent' with their associated benefits and drawbacks. Wind is deemed 'intermittent' with the following benefits (no emissions, no fuel costs, stable cost, low operating cost) and drawbacks (not dispatchable, not responsive, transmission needs, low peak value). ]]>
	</content>
</entry>	</feed>
